White Label ATMs in India

What is White Label ATM: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released guidelines in June 2012 for the introduction of white label ATMs (WLA). These are essentially ATMs that are owned and operated by non-banking companies and do not display any bank's branding. WLAs serve customers from all banks and will be interconnected with the entire ATM network in the country. The guidelines specified focuses on increasing rural accessibility of ATMs. Customers from any bank can withdraw cash from such white-label ATMs, with similar functioning as a bank ATM. In terms of previous rules, only banks were permitted by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to set up ATMs as extended cash delivery channels.

Like any other bank ATM, ‘White Label ’ ATMs allows host of services like:
Cash Withdrawal
Balance Enquiry
Mini- Statement
Pin Change
Using an ‘White Label ’ ATM is just like using any Bank ATM.

Eligibility criteria for WLA Operators (WLAO):
The Memorandum of Association (MOA) of the applicant entity must cover the proposed activity of operating WLAs.
In case of any Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the applicant entity, necessary approval from the competent authority as required under the policy notified by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) under the consolidated policy on FDI and regulations framed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) must be submitted while seeking authorization.
Non-bank entities must have net worth of at least Rs 100 crore as per the last audited balance sheet.
The net worth of at least Rs 100 crore has to be maintained at all times.

Some of  WLA Operators (WLAO) are: Tate Teleservices, BSNL India and other Non-Banking companies are entering in this fields.

For More updates on White Label ATMs in India Please Refer RBI Website Link

http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=7286&Mode=0

AK-47 inventor Russia's Kalashnikov dies

Mikhail Kalashnikov, the designer of fabled AK-47 automatic rifle, died on Monday, the office of the presidency in the Udmurtia region where he worked said. He was 94. Kalashnikov designed a weapon that became synonymous with killing on a sometimes indiscriminate scale but was seen in the Soviet Union as a national hero and symbol of Moscow's proud military past. "He died about one-and-a-half hours ago," Viktor Chulkov, the spokesman for the Udmurtia leader Alexander Volkov, told a news agency on Monday.
Lavished with honours including the prestigious Hero of Russia prize for designing the iconic rifle, Kalashnikov has said he had never intended for it to become the preferred weapon in conflicts around the world. "I created a weapon to defend the fatherland's borders. It's not my fault that it was sometimes used where it shouldn't have been. This is the fault of politicians," he said during an award ceremony at the Kremlin to mark his 90th birthday. AK-47's name stands for "Kalashnikov's Automatic" and the year it was designed, 1947.

Section 377 and Homosexual Sex

Section 377 and Homosexual Sex: In a huge setback for the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community, the Supreme Court has set aside the Delhi High Court ruling that decriminalised homosexuality and had struck down Section 377. While setting aside the 2009 Delhi High Court order, the apex court observed that Section 377 is a valid constitutional provision. There is no constitutional infirmity in Section 377 of IPC which makes gay sex an offence punishable with up to life imprisonment, said a bench of justices GS Singhvi and SJ Mukhopadhaya while overruling the High Court verdict. 

Section 377 of IPC: Chapter XVI, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code dating back to 1861, introduced during the British rule of India, criminalises sexual activities "against the order of nature", including homosexual acts. The section was declared unconstitutional with respect to sex between consenting adults by the High Court of Delhi on 2 July 2009. That judgement was overturned by the Supreme Court of India on 11 December 2013, with the Court holding that amending or repealing Section 377 should be a matter left to Parliament, not the judiciary. 

There is a lot of debate being used and quoted against and for Section 377 IPC. In fact, 377 IPC itself does not identify homosexuals as being its subject. The actual law (IPC Section 377) states: "Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with 1[imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description for term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine". Therefore homosexuals are clearly not the targets. The law is clearly addressing "whosoever" and "man, woman or animal". The fact that this law has not been used against homosexuals (or against consenting adults) is borne out by the history of convictions under this law in India, wherein there has been no case of a consensual homosexual act being prosecuted / convicted under this act.

India GK Question Paper 40

India GK Question Sample Paper 40: India General Knowledge (GK) Sample Question Paper No. 40 with Collection of India GK Questions under GK Quiz in PDF @  India GK Sample Papers.

India General Knowledge (GK) and General Science (GS) Questions are also available with LIVE Quiz on daily basis with more than 25 questions each days with some India GK Quiz articles on India GK Facebook page: www.facebook.com/IndiaGK.net

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India GK Question Paper 39

India GK Question Sample Paper 39: India General Knowledge (GK) Sample Question Paper No. 39 with Collection of India GK Questions under GK Quiz in PDF @  India GK Sample Papers.

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India GK Question Paper 38

India GK Question Sample Paper 38: India General Knowledge (GK) Sample Question Paper No. 38 with Collection of India GK Questions under GK Quiz in PDF @  India GK Sample Papers.

India General Knowledge (GK) and General Science (GS) Questions are also available with LIVE Quiz on daily basis with more than 25 questions each days with some India GK Quiz articles on India GK Facebook page: www.facebook.com/IndiaGK.net

India GK Question Sample Paper 38: 
1. प्राकृतिक रबड़ किसका बहुलक है?
उत्तर- आइसोप्रीन का
2. मानव निर्मित प्रथम कृत्रिम रेशा क्या था?
उत्तर- नायलॉन
3. भारत का पहला पूर्णरूपेण कंप्यूटरीकृत गांव कौनसा है?
उत्तर- वेल्लानाड
4. कंप्यूटर में मैमोरी की सबसे छोटी इकाई क्या है?
उत्तर- बाइट
5. पृथ्वी की आयु का आकलन किस विधि से किया जाता है?
उत्तर- यूरेनियम डेटिंग विधि से

Nelson Mandela dies at 95

Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first elected black president and a global anti-apartheid icon died early Friday, at his home in the suburb of Houghton in Johannesburg, following a lengthy illness. He was 95. The elder statesman was receiving medical care from a leading team since September after spending three months in a Pretoria hospital for a recurrent lung ailment. "Fellow South Africans, our beloved Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, the founding president of our democratic nation, has departed," Zuma said in a nationally televised address. He passed away peacefully at 20:50 (local time), 5th December, Zuma said.
"He is now resting. He is now at peace...Our nation has lost its greatest son. Our people have lost a father," he said. Zuma announced that there would be a state funeral for the departed world leader. Details of the funeral have not been announced yet, but all flags will fly at half-mast until the funeral. Zuma said Mandela's tireless struggle for freedom earned him the respect of the world, "His humility, his compassion, and his humanity earned him their love." "Our thoughts are with the South African people who today mourn the loss of the one person who, more than any other, came to embody their sense of a common nationhood.

Cyber Security

Cyber Security: Cyber security refers generally to the ability to control access to networked systems and the information they contain. Where cyber security controls are effective, cyberspace is considered a reliable, resilient, and trustworthy digital infrastructure. Where cyber security controls are absent, incomplete, or poorly designed, cyberspace is considered the wild west of the digital age. Even those who work in the security profession will have a different view of cyber security depending on the aspects of cyberspace with which they personally interact. Whether a system is a physical facility or a collection of cyberspace components, the role of a security professional assigned to that system is to plan for potential attack and prepare for its consequences.
There are numerous definitions of cyberspace and cyber security scattered throughout literature. Our intent is not to engage in a debate on semantics, so we do not include these definitions. Moreover, such debates are unnecessary for our purpose, as we generally use the term "cyber" not as a noun, but as an adjective that modifies its subject with the property of supporting a collection of automated electronic systems accessible over networks. As well reflected in language-usage debates in both the field of cognitive linguistics and popular literature on lexicography, the way language is used by a given community becomes the de facto to the  "cyberspace" and "cyber security" and simply refer to their own current concept of these terms when it makes sense to do so, while keeping in mind that we generally the term cyber as an adjective whose detailed attributes will change with the system of interest.
At a high level, cyber security is typically explained in terms of a few triads that describe the objectives of security professionals and their methods, respectively (Bayuk 2010). Three that combine to cover most uses of the term are:
-  prevent, detect, respond
-  people, process, technology
-  confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
These reflect the goals of cyber security, the means to achieve cyber security, and the mechanisms by which cyber security goals are achieved, respectively. Prevent, detect, respond addresses goals common to both physical and cyber security. Traditionally, the primary goal of security planning has been to prevent a successful adversary attack. However, all security professionals are aware that it is simply not possible to prevent all attacks, and so planning and preparation must also include methods to detect attacks in progress, preferably before they cause damage. However, whether or not detection processes are effective, once it becomes obvious that a system is threatened, security includes the ability to respond to such incidents. In physical security, the term "first responders" refers to the heroic individuals in policy, fire, and emergency medical professions. Response typically includes repelling the attack, treating human survivors, and safeguarding damaged assets. In cyber security, the third element of the triad is often stated in slightly more optimistic form. Rather than "respond" it is "recover" or "correct." This more positive expectation on the outcome of the third triad activity, to recover rather than simply respond, reflects the literature of information security planning, wherein security management is recommended to include complete reconstitution and recovery of any business-critical system. Because information technology allows diversity, redundancy, and reconstitution for the data and programs required to operate systems, information security professionals expect that damage can be completely allayed. In either case, the lessons learned in response are expected to inform prevention planning, creating a loop of continuous security improvement.

Census 2011 Highlights

Census 2011 Highlights:
* The population of India has increased by more than 181 million during the decade 2001-11.
* Percentage of growth in 2001-11 is 17.64; males 17.19 and female 18.12
* 2001-2011 is the first decade (with the exception of 1911-21) which has actually added lesser population compared to the previous decade.
* Uttar Pradesh (199.5 million) is the most populous State of the country followed by Maharashtra.
* The percentage decadal growth growth rates of the most populous States have declined during  2001-2011 compared to 1991-2001.
1. Uttar Pradesh (25% to 20.09%)
2. Maharashtra (22.73% to 15.99%)
3. Bihar (28.62% to 25.07%)
* During 2001-2011, as many as 25 States/UTs with a share of about 85% of the country’s population registered and annual growth rate of less than 2% as compared to, 15 States/UTs with a share of about 42% during the period 1991-2001.
* The total number of children n the age-group 0-6 is 158.8 million (5 million since 2001).
* Uttar Pradesh (29.7 million), Bihar (18.6 million), Maharashtra (12.8 million), Madhya Pradesh (10.5 million) and Rajasthan (10.5 million) constitute 52% children in the age group of 0-6 years.
* In Census 2011, population of children in the age group 0-6 years registered negative  percentage growth (-)3.08% growth with minus (-)2.42 for males and (-)3.80 for females.
* In Census 2011, the proportion of Child Population in the age group of 0-6 years to total population is 13.1 percent while the corresponding  figure in 2001 was 15.9 percent. The decline has been to the extent of 2.8 points.
* Overall sex ratio at the national level has increased by 7 points to reach 940  at Census 2011 as against 933 in Census 2001. This is the highest sex ratio recorded since Census 1971 and a shade lower than 1961. Increase in sex ratio is observed in 29 States/UTs.
* Three major States (J&K, Bihar and Gujarat) have shown decline in sex ratio as compared to Census 2001.
* Kerala with 1984 has highest sex ratio followed by Puducherry with 1038,  Daman and Diu has the lowest sex ratio 618.
* Child sex ratio of children aged between 0 to 6 years is 914 (national). Increasing trend in the child sex ratio seen in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram, and Andaman and Nicobar Island in all remaining 27 States/UTs, the child sex ratio show decline over Census 2001.